Link Banana

At least one scientist doubts China’s ability to keep Beijing’s air quality within acceptable limits for Olympic competition:

China’s basic air problem is that the city experiences roughly weekly meteorological cycles in which stagnant, polluted air coming from the provinces south of Beijing is flushed out by cold fronts from Mongolia. When the weather doesn’t cooperate, there is little that the authorities can do, Rahn said.

“I’m glad I’m not an Olympic organizer responsible for canceling these events,” Rahn said. “It is a borderline situation and unpredictable until the 11th hour. “

Tyler Cowen’s been evaluating the environmental impact of flying (first here, second in title). Though he’s far from a conclusive answer, intriguing facts have emerged. For example:

Cargo has to come into play, too. Regardless of what you pay and what fare class you’re booking in, your travel on United between San Francisco and Nagoya, Japan is going to have almost no effect whatsoever on United’s decision-making. They’ve got a very large contract with Toyota and they fill up their 747 with cargo and the flight goes out with very low load factors yet is still profitable for them to operate.

That is: the next pollutant we’re to get collectively scared about. From Wired Science:

“The natural nitrogen cycle has been very heavily influenced by human activity over the last century perhaps even more so than the carbon cycle,” said University of East Anglia biogeochemist Peter Liss, a co-author on the second paper.

The problem isn’t strictly nitrogen, which comprises more than three-quarters of the air we breathe, but so-called reactive nitrogen. These are analogous to better-known free oxygen radicals: an altered electron configuration makes them especially unstable, and more likely to wreak environmental havoc.

In 1860, humanity produced 15 metric tons of reactive nitrogen. By 1995, that number stood at 156 tons, and swelled to 185 tons by 2005. Those numbers are small in comparison to global CO2 emissions — 27 billion tons annually — but the impacts are magnified by what James Galloway, a University of Virginia biogeochemist and co-author of the review, calls the nitrogen cascade.

The Economist addressed the same topic. I’m sure 100 other publications have or will soon.

Matt Yglesias has compiled a chart showing that population density — on a country-wide basis — is not a strong determinant of how frequently people drive. It is worth noting, as he does, that this probably doesn’t reflect practical density.

This account of Vernon, CA — an industrial powerhouse in the Los Angeles area — was hard for me to believe. But if it’s in The Economist it must be true.

Vernon caters so diligently to the needs of businesses because it does not have to balance their demands with those of residents. Only about 90 people live in Vernon, many of them cops and fire-fighters. Most rent their homes from the city for a pittance—a one-bedroom flat costs $147 per month. They are the city’s electorate and, in theory, the pool from which mayors and local politicians are drawn.

It does not sound like a recipe for a functioning democracy, because it isn’t. The mayor has held power for 34 years. Contested elections are almost unknown. The last was in 2006, when three outsiders moved into a house just before the deadline and petitioned to stand for city offices. Their electricity was abruptly cut off and their home declared unfit for habitation. The outsiders got ten votes out of 68 cast. That was a surprise: they had expected just eight. Bill Schneider of the Chamber of Commerce says the shenanigans during the election worried him—because of the risk that another regime might take over. “What outsiders miss is that the damn place works well,” says Lonnie Kane, who runs a clothing firm with his wife, Karen.